Machine for effecting systematic irregularities in the reproduction of objects



Aug. 28, 1928. 1,681,960

L. E. TOPHAM MACHINE FOR EFFECTING SYSTEMATIC IRREGULARITIES- IN THE REPRODUCTION OF OBJECTS Original Filed June 29 1922 4 SheetsSheet 1 Aug. 28, 1928; 1,681,960

L. E. TOPHAM MACHINE FOR EFFECTING SYSTEMATIC IRREGULARITIES IN THE REPRODUCTION OF OBJECTS Original Filed'June 29, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 28, 1928. 1,681,960 L. E. TOPHAM MACHINE FOR EFFECTING SYSTEMATIC IRREGULARITIES IN THE REPRODUCTION OF OBJECTS Original Filed June 29. 192 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Aug. 28, 1928. 1,681,960

I... E. TOPHAM MACHINE FOR EFFECTING SYSTEMATIC IRREGULARITIES IN THE REPRODUCTION OF OBJECTS Original Filed June 29, 1 2 4 sh t -sh et 4 Fig. 7 I 'M/EA/TUR fidew I Patented Aug. 28, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LAURELTCE E. TOPHAM, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CORPORATION, OF PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

v MACHINE FOR EFFECTING SYSTEMATIC Application filed June 29, 1822,

This invention relates to the art of pattern reproduction, and is hereindisclosed in connection with an apparatus and a method for forming lasts. The invention of George E. Warren, described and claimed in application Ser. No. 26 L952. filed Dec. 2, 1918, contemplates the simplification and standardization of shoe manufacture by the use generally of shoe parts of a relatively small number of standard sizes in the construction of a whole line of shoes, the characteristics of the standard parts being so selected as not to interfere to too great an extent, with the style and lit of the individual shoes. For exan'lple. one suggestion made by this invention relates to the use of an identical insole in a grou p of shoes of different sizes, the remainder of the shoe being blended into the insole by distortions in such parts of the shoe as are not vitally concerned in the fit thereof. It is an important object of the presentinvention to provide an apparatus and. method for forming lasts upon which shoes having, for ere ample, the described characteristicmay be formed.

Suppose, for example, that the standard insole which is to be used is too short for the ordinary last of a given size and width. If that last be formed by the ordinary use of the length grader, making its overall length such as to fit the len th of the standard insole, everyv part of it Will be shortened. and the distance from the heel end to the instep, being thus too short. will unfavorably affect the lit of the shoe. The present invention contemplates the production of a lasthaving, for exa-mple, its instep-waist portion at the normal distance from the heel-end, as far as portions lying above the tread face are concerned, but having the tread face shaped to fit an insole of anomalous dimensions in this regard.

This is accomplished. in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, by moving the tread face and the upper portions of the last longitudinally relatively to each other during the reproduction. so as to place the ball-waistinstep portion of the last at the desired distance from the heel end, while at the same time placing the corresponding portion of the read face in a different desired relation to the heel end.

Such results are securechin the disclosed IRR-EGULARITIES IN THE 013 OBJECTS.

REPRODUCTION Serial No. 571,716. Renewed December 14, 1926.

machine, by moving the model wheel longi tudinally of the model and back again as it passes over the two tread face corners respectively of the model. This causes a ring around the work cut in one revolution by the cutter to correspond with parts of two such rings. one lying ahead of the other, in the model, i. e.. to that part of one rims, which lies in the model tread face, and to that part of the other ring which lies above the tread face; these two ring portions constituting, the model wheel path corresponding to the single ring cutter path. Thus points in the upper part of the model can be reproduced before or be- .iind points directly below them in the model. or the upper part of the model can be shifted along relatively to the tread face.

The invention is not to be taken as limited by the particular problem or procedure just discussed for purposes of illustrative introduction, but will be more definitely explained in more exact and technical language later in the specification, in connection with the detailed description where it will be more clearly understood. V

The drawings illustrate a preferred machine by the use of which the invention ma be practised. and in connection with which the method included in the invention will be explained.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a plan;

Fi 2 is a vertical transverse section;

Figs. 3 and 4 are an enlarged plan and. elevation of the model wheel shifting mechanism, the model wheel carrying slide being shown alone in Fig. l; I

Fig. 5 is aperspective of a detent of the model wheel shifting mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing one application of the invention to a certain practical problem; and

Fig. 7 is another view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 5, and taken on the plane indicated by the line 7-7 of F ig. 4-.

The frame 10 is equipped with a flat guide 12 at the rear and V guides 14. 16 at its front. These guides support the cutter carriage 18. carrying the motor drive cutter head 20. the model wheel carriage 22. and the intermediate carriage 24. The carriages 18 and 24 are driven in opposite directions by a right and connected by a link a shaft 46 left screw 26 and the carriages 24: and 22 are 28, which may diagrammatically represent a length grading mechanism.

The swing frame consists essentially of a heavy square bar 30 centered on trunnions 32, one at each end, mounted in the main frame. ()n the square bar are mounted three casings 34, 36, 38 carrying the dogs, centers and gears for holding and driving the model 40 and block 42. The machine shown was specially designed for the cutting of last parts separately, the model andblock being driven from the sin gle unitary spindle l i, and being therefore pointed in opposite directions which requires the cutter and model wheel to travel also in opposite directions as shown. The gearing in the swing frame is operated from mounted in the main frame through gears 48 in the casing 50. All the above described mechanism is substantially as shown in my application Ser. No. 530,214, filed Jan. 18, 1922, and to which reference may be made for more detailed description.

The mechanism embodying the machine aspect of the present invention was conveniently constructed to interchange with certain parts of the machine referred to in the preceding paragraph. To this end the width. grading slide of that machine is removed, with its model wheel, and the slide 52 substituted for it. This slide is motionless in the illustrated machine, which does no width grading, but the practice of the present invention is in no way inconsistent with that of simultaneous width grading. lhe earlier machine referred to was already built and was economically used for the purposes of the present invention.

The slide 52 carries a bracket 54 in which is a horizontal slideway parallel to the direction of carriage feed, accommodating a slide 56, shown of rectangular cross-section. The slide carries a bracket 58 with an arm 60 having a rigid extension 62 with a slideway cooperating; with a slide 64 on the rear'side of thebracket fi l and parallel to the slide 56. The structure just described permits sliding movement of the parts 56, 58, 60, 62 relatively to the bracket 54:, parallel to the direction of feed of the carriages.

'l he arm 60 has mounted thereon the model wheel 66. Owing to the exigencies of spacedesign in embodying the present invention. in an already existing machine, there was not room to mount a complete wheel, so that only a non-rotating segment is shown. This of course does not affectthe theory of the machine at all, and would not have been necessary if the frame of the machine had been an inch or two longer.

The slide 56-62 is operated by mechanism of any desired type. A convenient form of spiral'or worm gearing is shown. A segmental spiral gear or worm 68 on an arm 69 pivoted at 70 on the slide 52 and having an integral arm 7 2, meshes with a rack 7 4. on the slide 56. T he rocking of the lever 69'? 2 on its pivot 70 causes the slide 56 to move in its slideway, and carry with it the model wheel 66.

The arm 72 is operated by a link 7 6 pivoted to its end, the otherend of the link being pivoted to block 78 adjustable in a slot 80 in a segment 82, by means of a link 84L and arm 86 operated by a worm gearing;- 88, shaft 90 and handle 92. The segment 82 is pivoted at 94: (the block I 8 being shown in Fig. 2 as adjusted to this center) and is rocked on this pivot by an arm 96 carrying a cam roll 98 under the pull of spring 99 and operated by a cam 100 integral with a gear 102 driven by the shaft 46, the gearing being such, for the purposes of the present problem, that the cam rotates at the same angular velocity as the model.

The model wheel 66 therefore is given a cyclical movement parallel to the direction of crrriagre feed in time with the model rotation, the nape or nature of the movement during the cycle being determined by the cam 100, and the amplitude and algebraic sign of the movement by the adjustment of the block 78. In other words, the adjustment of the block 78 will multiply the ordinatesof a curve representing the cycle of model wheel movement, by a constant, which may be positive, negative or zero, the latter condition being illustrated in Fig. 2. It will therefore be evident that this model wheel movement can be varied or stopped altogether at different parts of the last during the cutting of a work piece, by proper manipulation of the handle 92 without stopping the machine or disturbing it discontinuously.

As a simple example ofthe practice of the invention, consider the problem of building a T lastupon an insole .ofstandard' proportions but inch too short for it, that is, an insole graded from a standard model but graded inch shorter than a #7, it being desired that the last fit the foot for which it was designed as well as possible and that the toe tip and heel parts of the model remain unchanged. A principal requirement in maintaining the fit is to keep the ball-waist-instep portion of the last at the same distance from the heel end. The present machine will be used to move forward this portion of a last standardly gra ded on the short insole, in such manner as to make it substantially fitthe 7 foot.

Fig. 6 shows the side elevations respectively of the standard shape short last and of the last which it is desired to produce, features of the latter being grossly exaggerated for the sake of clear illustration.

The toe tip and sole portions which are to be preserved unchanged are delineated by the full lines 104, 106 and 108, respectively. The

(thus bringing the cam -Thc shading upper outline of the short standard shaped last profile is drawn in dotted lines at 110.

The solution of the problem is shown by the full line outline 112 between the lines 104 and 106. This part of the last is distorted and moved forwardon the insole, the points 114, 116, 118 to 120, 122, 124 etc. This is accomplished as follows During the cutting of the toe tip the block 78 is adjusted over the center 94, so that the cam has no effect, and the model wheel is in its normal position as regards the gage points of the machine, so that the tee is copied exactly up to theline 126. The mm 100 is then put into action by slowly turning the handle 92 up to its proper maximum setting action in gradually and avoiding abruptncss, in the outline.) The cam 100 is so shaped and timed as to hold the model wheel in its zero or normal position as it rolls under the sole of. the model, and when the point 128, for example, has been reached to throw the model wheel quickly to the right in Fig. 1. This will bring it to a point 130 on the model at the time it has reached the extremity of its movement. Meanwhile the cutter has 132 in the same plane lamina with the block point 128. This will cause the upper part of the model lamina 13st to be reproduced at 136 in the block. The model wheel will be shifted back again when the point on the other side of the model (Fig. 6) corresponding to the point 130 has been reached. This results in reproducing the model lamina 12S130-13tas a block lamina 128 136. off of. the distortion near the lines 126, 138 will be observed. This is produced by slowly turning the handle 92 from and to normal position. The cam 100 will be preferably so designed that the shift of the model wheel takes place on the average near the bottom edge, It will of course always take place at the same angle in the modelrotating cycle.

As illustrated in the above example. the machine re reduces a bent model lamina 128 130-134- as a flat lamina 1.28136 in the block. A little consideration shows that this is the same as saying that the flat model lamina 1410134 is reproduced as the bent block lamina 1 1O132'-136.-

The heel part is turned in the same wav as the toe part, the handle 92 being slowly returned to normal position just before the line 138 is reached. A last is thus formed having the foot room of a 7 except a thin layer at the bottom, the discrepancy. in over all length being absorbed by the tee tip, into which the toe of the wearer will. extend inch farther than normal.

)Vith the foregoing illustration in mind, we may sum up various aspects of the inven ti'on as follows:

In ordinary last cutting, the model and moved to a pointwork may be regarded as in effect divided into corresponding differential elements in the form of laminae, which are all perpendicular to the aXes around which they are turned. In the illustrated method of practising the present invention, laminae (128130 or 132-1d0, for example) are formed in the model which are not perpen dicular to the axis of rotation thereof, and these are reln'oduced as laminae perpendicular to the axis of the work, or vice versa. Or in other words, the elements 128130 in the model and 128132 in the block may be regarded as (littering in orientation as regards the longitudinal axes of the model and block, respectively. More specifically, the (complete transverse) laminae of the model as shown herein are bent. or warped out of one plane, and are reproduced as plane lamina) in the work, or vice versa. lVe may therefore say that we are forming in the model, in effect, different elements or lamime, and reproducing them in the work, these model laminze broadly speaking not bearing the same angular relations to the axis about which the model is turned, as do their reproductions in the work to the axis of the work. t is obvious that this procedure effects the relative longitudinal displacement of differout parts of the same vertical cross-section of the model and their reproductions in the same vertical cross-section of the work (and vice versa), and this, broadly, is a procedure which will accomplish the practical results outlined above.

This leads to still another aspect of the invention. The procedure described amounts, from another point of view, to the subdivisin of the model last into another type of dilierential elements in the form of generah 1y horizontal laminae or more accurately, rods, and to the shifting of" these diiferential elements upon one another as an incident of their reproduction in the work. This may be regarded as occurring through a relative shift of such elements in the model Followed by :a reproduction, or by a reproduction followed by a shift in the work. Mechanically, the whole process is accomplished as a com bined operation, by the illustrated machine. (The relative movement of differential elements other than that produced by ordinary grading is not claimed broadly herein, it being the prior invention of: F. V. Potter and L. B. lVhipple (see United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,182 and 1,362,183. issued Dec. 1 1-, 1920, on their applications). The machine shown in the Whipple patent performs a similar operation to tl t just discussed. the rel. ivelv shifted elements being perpendicular rather than parallel to the ax s of rotation of the last.)

This really a species of irregular leng i1 gra ding, difi erent portions of a section of the model perpendicular to the axis of rotation iii) . vertical plane lamina being displaced longitudinally by different amounts in the reproduction. This enables those parts of the last lying above the tread face to be moved forward for example relatively to that face, so that a last can be out having its upper portion properly adapted to the foot it is to tit. a thin layer just above the tread face being distorted to alter the length of the tread face, the discrepancy in length falling in some other part of the last, such as the forward part, where there is ordinarily a substantial extension, a variation in which will not be intolerable.

Another way of stating this is to say that it involves a cyclically variable length grading operation, the length of the cycle being equal to the period ot rotation oi the model. Length grading is ettected in the pattern reproducing machine by etlecting ditt'erent velocities of relative traverse between the model and iodel wheel, on the one hand, and between the block and cutter on the other. In the machine of the present invention one of these relative velocities 1S rendered non-uniform as regards the other by giving one ot;

the principal instrumentalities ot the machine (model holder, block holder. model wheel and cutter) here the model wheel, a movement in the general direction of the model axis independent of its movement due to the ordinary length grading phenomenon, and cyclic, with a period equal to that ot the model rotation. Thus a point of the model'may be reproduced in the work as it it lay before or behind its actual position. and this will lengthen or shorten the horizontal dimension ot the last passing through this point. Or, in another view of the matter, this causes portions of the model not lying in one vertical cross-section (or in one lamina perpendicular to the axis) to be reproduced in the work in one plane perpendicular to the axis. In the illustrated machine the shifting of the model wheel is done quickly when it is close to the tread face, so that each lamina of the model in the region under consideration consists in eitect of a extending almost to the and a verticallyshort lamina extread tace,

point forward or backward tending from this to the read taco.

This maybe even more broadly defined as an irregularity or variability in the ratio of the velocities of relatve traverse of the two pairs .moeel, so

of primary instrumentalities of the pattern CODfJlHQ machine viz, the model and model wheel; and the work and tool. So tar, this is comprised in the irregular length grading described specifically in the Potter patent cited, but in the practice of the present invention, this irregularity is cyclic, having a period equal to that oi": the rotation of the I that the irregularity in length grading that is produced by the practice of the present invention is not a matter of comparison of ditterent localities taken along the ncsnoco length of the last, but of difterent sectors taken around the last, and in particular, in respect to the specific problem mentioned herein, ot the tread portion as compared with the bull: or the foot containing portion.

The model may be thus regarded as divided into sectors by planes passing through the axis of rotation, and these sectors may be regarded as being shifted on one another parallel to their length. It the handle 92 is moved or it the length grading is being done at the same time, these sectors will be stretched or compressed also. These sectors are composed of groups of the generally horizontal rods above mentioned.

In still another aspect of the matter, already suggested in the preceding parenthetical reference to the Potter and Vfhipple inventions, the machine can be regarded as producing a relative movement between all or some oi the primary instrumentalitieswhich is supciposed uponthe normal behavior or rel ative n'ioven'iei'it of these instrumentalities which is normally characteristic of the machine, this additional movement being cyclic and parallel to, or at any rate having a component parallel to, the axis of relative rotation of the model and model wheel. Such anomalous movements are effected by the Potter machine, but they are not cyclic. They are also produced by the Whipple ma chine and by the machine disclosed in my application Ser. No. 429,719. tiled Dec. 10, 1920, but. are not there parallel to the axis.

From a practical point of view, the machine may be regarded as in eiiect shifting the sole of the last relative to the upper portion, or as shitting any portion of the peripheral sur-' face of the last relatively to the remainder. This is only a partial statement of what happens, since the part-s shifted really go clear back to the axis, but with a body like a last where the external form is that which fixes the attention, the statement is practically accurate.

The movement of the model wheel is produced by a cam cont-rolled mechanism, the cam controlling the variation in the cycle. There is also preferably an additional control. mechanism which. enables the effectproduced to be varied at different points along the last. The irregular grading may thus be confined to achosen locality.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. That improvement in the art of pattern reproduction which consists in forming. in etfect, a system of diii erential elements in the model, and reproducing them in the work, the orientation of the elements and their reproductions as regards corresponding axes in the modeland work respectively being different.

2. That improvement in the artof pattern reproduction which consists in forming, in et feet, a system of laminae differential elements in the model, and reproducing them in the Work, the angular relation between the model elements and the longitudinal axis of the model varying in different parts of the last.

3. That improvement in'the art of pattern reproduction Which consists in forming, in ef feet, a system of differential elements in the model, and reproducing them in the Work, the angular relation between the model elements and the longitudinal axis of the model vary? ing in differentparts of the last, and the orientation of all Work elements as regards the longitudinal axis of the Work being substantially identical.

4. That improvement in the art of pattern reproduction which consists in forming, in effect, a system of laminae differential elements in the model, and reproducing them in the Work, the elements in the model being relatively bent as regards their reproductions in the Work.

5. T hat improvement in the art of pattern reproduction which consists in forming, in effect, a system of differential elements in the model, and reproducing them in the work. the elements in the model and their reproductions in the Work being substantially plane in one case and not being plane in the other,

6. That improvement in the art of pattern reproduction Which consists in forming, in effect, a system of differential elements in a last model generally parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, and reproducing them in relatively shifted position in the work.

7. That improvement in the art of pattern reproduction which consists in forming, in effect, a system of differential elements in the model generally parallel to the rotationalaxis thereof, relatively shifting them upon one another and reproducing them in relatively shifted position in the Work.

8. That improvement in the art of pattern reproduction Which consists in forming, in effect, a system ofdifferential elements in the model generally parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, reproducing and relatively shifting them upon, one another in the Work.

9. In a pattern copying machine, means for holding and rotating a model and ablock, and power-operated means for pantographically reproducing in the block sectors of the model taken parallel to the axis of rotation and shifting any desired portion of such reproduced sectors upon one another in the reproduction.

10. In a three-dimensional patterncopying machine, means for rotating a model and a block, a grading mechanism and connections for pantographically reproducing in the block sectors taken from themodel, parallel to the axis of rotation, and for automatically shifting such reproduced sectors upon one another as they are formed.

11. In a three-dimensional pattern copy ing machine, means for holding and rotating a model and a block and means for reproducing in the bock sectors taken from the model, parallel to the axis of rotation, and for shifting such reproduced sectors upon one another as they are formed, and means for controlling the rate of shift during the reproduction.

12. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, means for rotating a model and a block relatively to a model Wheel and a tool respectively, and means for reproducing in the block sectors taken from the model parallel to the axis of revolution and for shifting such reproduced sectors upon one another at an arbitrarily predetermined rate as they are formed.

13. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, means for relatively displacing sec tors of a. model parallel to the direction of feed and for reproducingsuch sectors in a block.

14. In a machine of the class described, a lever and connections for differentially shifting sectors of a model parallel to the direction of relative feed. between the model and model Wheel, and for pantograpically reproducing such sectors in a block.

15. In a. machine of the class described, means comprising a lever for continuously shifting" horizontal elements of a model last upon one another, and for pantographieally reproducing such sectors in a block 16. In a machine of the class described,

iodel handling means for relatively shifting horizontal elements of a model last taken in order, upon one another, and for pantographically reproducing such elements in a block.

17. In a machine of the class described, means for relatively shifting horizontal elements of a'model' last at a predetermined rate and for reproducing such elements in a block, and means for altering said rate during the production of a Work piece.

18. In a machine of the class described, means for automatically relatively displacing superficial portions of a model last and for pantographically reproducing them in a block.

19. In a machine of the class described. means'comprising a cam timed to the model rotation for automatically continuously shifting horizontal sectors of a model last upon one another in order, and for pantographically reproducing such sectors in a block.

20. That improvement in the art of manufacturing solid bodies which consists in producing in a block reproductions of longitudinally extending peripheral portions of a model last differentially shifted upon one another parallel to their planes.

21. That improvement in the art of manufacturing solid bodies which consists in automatically producing in a block pantographic reproductions of successive substantially parallel horizontal sectors of a model last and shifting them upon one another ditierentially at a predetermined rate.

That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in automatically producing in a block pr itographic reproductions of superficial portions of a model and shifting them upon one another dilierentially at a predetermined rate.

That in'iprovement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in producing in a block pantographic reproductions of substantially parallel sectors of a model and shifting longitudinally those in the lower portion of the last by differentially varying amounts.

for effecting a relative rotation of the model holder and model wheel, and ot' the work holder and the tool, and means for producing a further relative movement between two oi the said instrumentalities, said movement being cyclic and being parallel to the axis oi one of the'relativc rotations.

25. In a pattern copying machine, means for effecting arelative rotation ot the model holder and model wheel, and of the work holder and the tool, and means for producing a further relative movement between two of the said instrumentalities, said mownnent being repeated during every revolution of the model over a substantial portion of the length thereof and being parallel to the axis of one oi the relative rotations.

26. In a pattern copying machine, means for effecting a relative rotation of the model holder and model wheel, and of the work holder and the tool, and means tor producing a further relative movement between two of thesaid instrumentalities, said movement being cyclic and being parallel to the axis of one of the relative rotations, said latter means comprising a cam rotating with the angular velocity of the model.

27. In a pattern copying machine, means for etlecting a relative rotation of the model holder and model wheel, and oil the work holder and the tool, and means for producing a further relative movement between two of the said inst-rumentalities, said movement being cyclic and being parallel to the axis of I one of the relative rotations, d latter means comprising a slide on which one of the mstrumentalities is mounted, said'slide extendingp'arallel to the axis of the said relative rotation. V V 28. In a pattern copying machine, means for eilecting a relative rotation of the model. holder and model wheel, and ot the work holder and the tool, and means for producing a further relative movement betweentwo ot' the said instrumentalities. said movement being cyclic an dbeing parallel to the axis or" one of the relative rotations, said latter means comprising a slide on which one of the-1nstrumentalities is mounted, said slide extending parallel to the axis of the said relative rotation, and a cam for operating the 'sl1de.

29. In a pattern copying machine, tour primary instrumentalities, viz, model holder, work holder, model wheel holder and tool holder, means for eiiecting relative movements between these instrumentalities in pairs toreproduce the model systematically in the work, said movements comprising relative rotations of the model and model wheel and of the work and tool, and means for compounding with said relative movements an additional relative movement of one oi the model wheel holder or tool holder parallel to an axis of the said relative rotation, said movement being cyclic and or period equal to that of therotation. I

30. In a pattern copying machine, tour priinstrumentalities, viz, model holder, work holder, model wheel carriage and tool carriage, means for eitecting relative movements between these instrumentalities in pairs to reproduce the model systematically in the work, aid movements comprising relativerotations of the model and model wheel of the work and tool, and means for com-. pounding with said relative movements an additional movement of one of the model wheel carriage or tool carriage, comprising slide on the said carriage, arranged to move thereon parallel to the axis of a said rotation; I

31. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being con trolled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel; and means for etfecting a relative movement between a said controlled and a said cont-rolling element to effect relative longitudinal sliding movement between differential elements in the reproduction. v

32. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel; and a driving mechanism tor eliectinga relative movement between said controlled and a said controlling element to effect relative longitudinal movement between longitudinally extending ditterent-ial elements in the reproduction.

33. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder a model wheel, a

block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel; and driving mechanism for causing a cyclical longitudinal movement of one of the said elements independent oi its behavior incident to the pantographic reproduction.

34. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model' wheel; supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to etlect reproduction, and a driving mechanism in-.

termediate between one 01 said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect non-pantographic longitudinal relative longitudinal sliding between diiierential elements in the reproduction.

35. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel, supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to'eilect reproduction of differential elements, and a mobile connection intermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect relative longitudinal sliding between difierential elements in the reproduction.

36. In a machine of the class described. a model holder, a model wheel, a work holder and a work contacting t-ool, supporting and operating means for these four instrumentalities constructed and arranged to cause relative pantographic movement between the model instrumentalities and the work instru mentalities respectively, the relation between the work instrumentalities being governed primarily by the relation between the model instrumenta-lities to produce systematic reproduction of ditlierential elements of the model in the work, and driving mechanism for compounding with the normal reproductional action of a said instrument-ality a movement to effect a relative longitudinal movement between reproduced longitudinal difl erential elements in the work.

87. That improvement in the art of reproducing solid articles having a systematic resemblance to a solid pattern which consists in controlling the relation bet-ween the relatively rotating work and work contacting tool by the relation between a model and model guide to reproduce difi erential elements of the model according to a systematic law, and effecting a relative movement between a controlled and a controlling elementto effect relative sliding of reproduced differential model elements generally parallel to the axis of rotation.

38. In a pattern copying machine, means for effecting relative movements between the model holder and model wheel, and between the work h older and the tool to reproduce the model systematically in the work, means for producing a further relative movement between two of the said instrumentalities, said movement being cyclic and being parallel to one of the relative movements, said latter means comprising a cam rotating with the angular velocity of the model, and means for controlling the etlcct ot the cam at will during the production of a work piece.

39. In a pattern copying machine, means for effecting a relative rotation of the model holder and model wheel, and of the work holder and the tool, means for producing a further relative movement between two of the said instrumentalities, said movement being cyclic and being parallel to the axis of one of the relative rotations, said latter means comprising a cam rotating with the angular velocity of the model, and means for multiplying the effect of the cam by a number ariable at will during the roduction of a work piece.

40. In a pattern copying machine, means for effecting a relative rotation of the model holder and model wheel, and of the work holder and the tool, means for producing a iurther relative movementbetween two of the said instrumentalities, said movement being cyclic and being parallel to the axis of one of the relative rotations, said latter means con'iprising a cam rotating with the angular velocity of the model, and means for multiplying all the efi'ective dimensions of the cam by a number variable at will during the production of a work piece.

41. In a machine of the class described, a model holder,'a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the re lation between the model holder and model wheel, supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to effect reproduction of differential elements, a mobile connection intermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect relative longitudinal sliding between differenet-ial elements in the reproduction, and a controlling means for the mobile connection comprising a cam.

4-2. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel, supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to eilect reproduction of ditl'erential elements, a mobile connection intermediate betwecn one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect relative longitudinal slidin between ditl'erential elements in the reproduction, and a controlling means for the mobile connection comprising a cam rotating at the same rate as the model.

43. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the re lation between the model holder and model ill) - ing mechanism for relatively Wheel, supporting and operating and'rotatmoving said elements to eli'ect reproduction of differential elements, a mobile connection intermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to ellfect rela tive longitudinal sliding between dill'erential elements in the reproduction, and a controlling means for the mobile connection comprising a pivoted lever and a member adjustable along said lever to vary the effect of the controlling means.

ll; In a machine o't'the class described, a model holder, a model Wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model Wheel, supporting and operating and rotating mechanism for relatively moving aid elements to effect reproduction of differential elements, a mobile connectionintermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect relative longitudinal sliding between dillerential elements in the reproduction, and a controlling means for the mobile connection comprising a cam, a rotating arm operated thereby, and a member connected to the arm and adjustable across the pivotal center thereof to vary the action of the cam.

45. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the .relation between the model holder and model Wheel, supporting and operating and rotating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to ell ect reproduction of difierential elements, a mobile connection intermediate between one of said elements and the sup porting and operating mechanism to etl'ect relative longitudinal sliding between difierential elements in the reproduction, and a controlling means for the mobile connection comprising a lever arranged for adjustable advantage to vary the effect of the controlling means. p

46. That improvement in theart of pattern reproduction which consists, in effect, in

forming a system ol diii erential elements in r the model generally parallel to the axis of rotation thereof, and magnifying certain portions of certain of such elements at one rate and other portions otrother elements at other rate, and reproducing them in their altered form in tllG'WOfk.

In testimony whereof I have signed'my name to this specification.

LAURENCE E. TOPHAM. 

